BeyondLookup

⛽ Understanding Ethereum Gas Fundamentals Gas Components ⛽ Gas Units : Computational work measured in wei 💰 Gas Price : Gwei per unit (1 Gwei = 0.000000001 ETH) 📈 Gas Limit : Maximum units user will pay for Cost Calculation Total Cost = Gas Used * (Base Fee + Priority Fee) Example: 100,000 gas * (15 Gwei + 2 Gwei) = 1.7 ETH 🚀 Top 15 Gas Optimization Strategies 1. Memory vs Storage Management ❌ Inefficient function updateUser() public { user.storageVar1 = 1; // 20,000 gas user.storageVar2 = 2; // 20,000 gas } ✅ Optimized function updateUser() public { User memory temp = user; temp.var1 = 1; // Memory write: 3 gas temp.var2 = 2; // Memory write: 3 gas user = temp; // Single storage write: 20,000 gas } 💡 Savings: 20,000 gas per additional storage write 2. Data Packing & Struct Optimi...

🧱 Why Data Types Matter Solidity is a statically-typed language , meaning you must declare variable types explicitly. This: 🧠 Helps prevent errors ⛽ Optimizes gas costs 🔒 Enhances security 📦 Basic Value Types 1. Integers int8 public temperature = -25; // Signed (-128 to 127) uint256 public balance = 1000; // Unsigned (0 to 2²⁵⁶-1) Type Range int8/int16/.../int256 -2^(n-1) to 2^(n-1)-1 uint8/uint16/.../uint256 0 to 2^n-1 Best Practice: Use uint256 unless you need smaller sizes 2. Address Type address public user = 0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc454e4438f44e; address payable public recipient = payable(user); Regular address: 20-byte Ethereum address Payable address: Can receive ETH 🧩 Reference Types 1. Arrays uint256[5] public fixedArray; // Fixed size uint256[] public dynamicArray; // Dynamic size s...

Why Deployment Matters ⛓️ Bring your code onto the blockchain 🌍 Make it accessible worldwide 🔐 Lock in immutable logic 📦 Preparation Checklist Tool Purpose MetaMask Wallet & Network Connection Remix IDE Contract Development Sepolia Faucet Test ETH Acquisition Step 1: Write Your Contract // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract SimpleStorage { uint256 storedData; function set(uint256 x) public { storedData = x; } function get() public view returns (uint256) { return storedData; } } Step 2: Compile in Remix Go to the "Solidity Compiler" tab Select compiler version 0.8.0+ Check "Auto Compile" Verify no errors in console Step 3: Configure Deployment Environment Injected Provider (MetaMask) Web3 Provider (Local Node) ...

📜 What Are ERC Standards? ERC (Ethereum Request for Comments) standards are technical specifications that define how smart contracts should behave to ensure interoperability across the Ethereum ecosystem. Think of them as blueprints for creating compatible blockchain components. 🔑 Key ERC Standards Every Developer Should Know 1. ERC-20: The Token Standard interface IERC20 { function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256); function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256); function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256); function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value); event Approval(...

🔗 Why Contracts Need to Communicate Build modular DeFi ecosystems Integrate with existing protocols (Uniswap, Aave) Enable complex multi-contract architectures 📜 Core Interaction Methods 1. Interface Declarations interface IERC20 { function transfer(address to, uint amount) external returns (bool); } contract MyContract { IERC20 token; constructor(address _token) { token = IERC20(_token); } function sendTokens(address recipient, uint amount) public { require(token.transfer(recipient, amount), "Transfer failed"); } } 2. Low-Level Calls function callExternal(address _contract) public payable { (bool success, bytes memory data) = _contract.call{value: 1 ether}( abi.encodeWithSignature("deposit()") ); require(success, "Call failed"); } ⚠️ Critical Security Considerations Risk Preve...

Events are Solidity’s way of leaving breadcrumbs on the blockchain. While smart contracts can’t directly communicate with off-chain applications, events act as a bridge, enabling real-time updates and historical data tracking. Let’s decode this essential feature. Why Events Matter 🔔 Trigger frontend notifications 📜 Cheaper than storage (gas-efficient logging) 🔍 Enable efficient historical data queries Event Basics: Declaration & Emission // Declare an event event Transfer( address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value ); // Emit the event function _transfer(address sender, address receiver, uint256 amount) internal { balances[sender] -= amount; balances[receiver] += amount; emit Transfer(sender, receiver, amount); // ← Event fired! } Key Features of Events Feature Description indexed Parameters Makes events filterable (max 3 per event) ...